PMC

Schematic illustration of hypothetical representation of abstract and concrete words within a specific location context (e.g., church). Abstract words have stronger connections to other concrete words whereas concrete words are not strongly linked to other abstract words. Therefore, training abstract words will activate related concrete words whereas training concrete words will not activate related abstract words.

T-bar plots of the ERP components in the control group. Word difference between neutral words and other words was significant in N1 latency and amplitude (a, d). Word difference between pain words and other words was significant in P2 latency and amplitude (b, e). Word difference between neutral words and other words was not significant in N3 latency (c), but significant in N3 amplitude (f). ∗ means P < 0.05.

Example of the growth of the number of generic absent words and minimal absent words as a function of word size, n. Plots of the number of generic absent words and minimal absent words for the case of the M. genitalium organism. It can be seen that the number of minimal absent words grows until a maximum and then decreases towards zero. On the contrary, the number of generic absent words grows exponentially. For comparison, we also included the graphic of the function 4ⁿ. This behavior has also been observed in the other sequences.

Group average aMEG to spoken words during a semantic task at 240 ms after acoustic onset. Subjects heard a series of words denoting objects or animals and were asked to judge their size. Words that share the initial phoneme with many words (high density neighborhood) evoke more left prefrontal activation at 240 ms than the words that have fewer competitors. aLIPC may provide the top-down facilitation during understanding of spoken words, in accord with other evidence showing its contribution to ambiguous situations.